Sayaw sa Obando
For Part 4 of our Pistang Pamana series, in celebration of National Heritage Month, let’s go to Obando, Bulacan, and witness devotees and pilgrims perform the fertility dance. Tara na’t makipista at makisayaw sa Obando!
The Sayaw sa Obando, which traces back its origins from pre-colonial fertility rituals, is now celebrated in honor of the three patron saints of Obando: San Pascual Baylon, Sta. Clara de Asis, and Nuestra Señora de Salambao.
During the olden times, the people celebrated fertility in a ritual called “Kasilonawan”, headed by a “katalonan” or high priestess. At the center of the ritual is a deity called “linga”, a phallic god known for fertility and curing diseases.
The ritual would last 9 days and be celebrated through drinking, singing, and dancing. The arrival of Christianity replaced the fertility dance for the deities with a fertility dance for the saints.
3 Days Celebration for 3 Saints
May 17 San Pascual Baylon
San Pascual Baylon, patron saint of fertility, abundance, and wealth. Baylon means “fond of dancing” in Spanish.
May 18 Santa Clara
Santa Clara, patron saint of good weather. Her name means “the clearing of the skies after the rain” in Spanish. Another meaning is “egg white” for the Spanish word “claro.”
These shaped the Filipino tradition of offering eggs at her feet as a prayer to ensure great weather. Today, boiled eggs are offered with color-coded ribbons that symbolize one’s prayer, like finding a spouse, health, peace of mind, or fertility.
May 19 Our Lady of Salambao
Our Lady of Salambao, patron saint of fishing and abundant harvest. In time, she also became a patron saint for the childless.
She is often seen in a boat with a fishing net or “Salambaw” in Tagalog, as a remembrance of her image’s discovery by fishermen in the 18th century.
The fertility dance is the main reason why couples from different places come to Obando. It is believed that couples who have trouble conceiving will be blessed and those who participate in the dance will finally have a child.
The fertility dance is held during the procession with a simple choreography that has a silent prayer for each step. Some participants perform the fertility dance while carrying their child as a way of thanksgiving for their answered p[rayer.
The town of Obando was established on May 14, 1753, and it was named after the incumbent Governor-General of that time, Don Jose Francisco Solis de Obando. The decree on the said establishment was enacted the following year, 1754.
Before, Obando just used to be a town of Meycauayan during the 16th century. It was called by the name Catangalan (now Catanghalan), derived from the word tangal, which is a kind of tree growing abundantly in the swampy part of the place. The extract of skin of the tangal was made into dampol for the kutod (things used for fishing) and fisherman’s net.
In 1588, Catangalan has been declared an encomienda under the supervision of a native, Don Felipe Armanlangangui. There were about 800 people living in Catangalan at that time, and their ways of living were through fishing and farming.
There came the time when Don Felipe Armanlangangui has been imprisoned and exiled outside the country under the charge of collaborating with the Bornean Moros to object to the Spanish government. All of his wealth was divided among the treasury of the King of Spain and for the expenses of the junta nacional..
During the 16th century, the topographical feature of Catangalan was divided into two important portions: the swampland, where the tangal and ape-ape trees were growing, and the forest and grasslands in which the center has been the place for building homes of the people. In the present, the entire swampland has been divided into rivers and fish ponds. Parts of the forest and grasslands were turned into paddies where rice and different crops were planted.
Although it has been said that there are only rumors or no concrete evidence at all as to where the image of culture in Obando before the coming of the Spanish can be based, the people of Obando (Catangalan) like the native Filipino people have a set of traditions concerning their life, death, faith, and government.
For a native Filipino, all stages of life starting from birth until fighting in a war, for farming, fishing, and even in love, has to be accompanied by performing a ritual.
The early Filipinos were performing a ritual called Kasilonawan, headed by a katalonan or high priestess. Normally, the ritual lasts for 9 days; and they celebrate through endless drinking, singing, and dancing. The ritual was held in the home of the datu or head of the barangay.
Fertility had become important for Filipinos. The sterile women were considered low class and had been mocked by society.
Because of this, performing a ritual for sterile women had also been important. The deity they call as the linga was the center of the Kasilonawan ritual. The early Filipinos were celebrating so that their lives or destiny would be in the hands of nature.
Many years passed, Catangalan remained a small village. However, Polo, another village, was separated from Meycauayan in 1623.
The Franciscan friars established a church in Polo. They also established a chapel in Catangalan and there they enshrined an image of St. Claire.
Hence, St. Claire was the very first patron saint of Obando.
ST. CLAIRE (Sta. Clara de Asis)
Who is Saint Claire? Why did she become the patron saint for dancing in order to bear a child?
St. Claire was a nun from Assisi, Italy during the 13th century. She founded the congregation called “Poor Claires” according to the doctrines and devotion of St. Francis of Assisi.
She has been regarded as the patron saint of good weather because of her name, which in Spanish means the clearing of the skies after the rain. Therefore, many of us still believe until now that offering eggs at the feet of St. Claire is an effective prayer to ask for the stormy weather to be fair.
Why egg? It is because the name “Claire” has been taken from the Spanish word “claro” which means egg white (albumen).
Even now, the power of St. Claire is being recognized especially in the world of “mass media”. She has also been regarded as the patron saint of television.
Franciscan friars did not hesitate to attract the native Filipinos to go under the umbrella of Christianity. Baptizing the natives had been performed. Teaching the Catechism had started. The rites offered to the deities had been replaced by devotions to the Christian saints.
The fertility dance so that people will not become sterile had been made to be a fandango dance in honor of St. Claire.
This strategy hastened the change in the beliefs of the Filipinos from their adoration for the things around nature like the skies, the sun, and the stars until they fully embrace the magic of Christianity. We can also claim that religion is the reason why the Philippines has been a colony of foreigners (Spaniards) for over three centuries.
From then on, St. Claire had been the center of pilgrimages for people who want to bear a child. Also, since then, Obando became the center for pilgrim dancing and egg offerings.
ST. PASCHAL BAYLON (San Pascual Baylon)
At the turn of the 18th century, many years after the establishment of the town of Obando, one parish priest was tasked to supervise the construction of a church. The people were made to pay taxes for two years and the money collected was spent to build the church. The image of St. Paschal of Baylon was added in the church altar.
If we will think about it carefully, St. Paschal is one suitable replacement to the native deities, as a patron of dancing for fertility and plenty. The surname of St. Paschal, which is Baylon, means “fond of dancing” in Spanish.
There had been many anecdotes on the miracles performed by St. Paschal. Included in these was the testimony of a couple from Hagonoy, Bulacan. According to them, they met a crab seller and the seller encouraged them to attend the festivities in Obando. After that, the couple went to Obando to hear mass. They were surprised when they saw the face of the image of St. Paschal as it looked very similar to the face of the crab seller.
Until now, St. Paschal of Baylon is the leading patron saint of Obando. If we are to base our on history, St. Claire should be considered the patron saint as to whom the fertility dance is to be offered. But St. Paschal had come to be the main patron saint during the three-day festivities. And as time goes by he too, has been considered a patron saint to be asked for a child.
OUR LADY OF SALAMBAO (Nuestra Señora de Salambao)
After a few years, on the 19th of June, 1763, another patron saint was added to the church of Obando, completing the triumvirate of the blessed. Two fishermen, Juan and Julian de la Cruz, as they were fishing over the Huling Doong of Binoangan, Tambobong (presently known as Malabon City), unexpectedly caught the image of the Immaculate Conception in their fishnet. According to the legend, when they were trying to bring the image to Navotas, the fishnet became very heavy and they could not move. But when they tried to move the boat towards the Obando area, the fishnet and the boat moved very easily. Since then, the image of the Blessed Virgin was enshrined in the church and was included among the patron saints of Obando.
In the unexpected sequences of the events, the third patron saint, the Immaculate Conception, known as the Our Lady of Salambao, is also appropriate to be a patron saint for the childless. also, the sea, where most people are getting their living, is a symbol of the source of life.
Aside from this, the inclusion of the Our Lady of Salambao in the triumvirate of the patron saints of Obando started the spread of the practice of honoring the Blessed Mother in the town. In short, Obando became one of the towns that gave importance to the role of the Blessed Virgin in the wholeness of the Catholic faith.
The Our Lady of Salambao, since then, also became the patron saint of the fishermen of Obando. In the past few years, the image of the Blessed Virgin has also been included in the annual “FEAST OF THE CROSS” that is being held in the river connecting the villages of San Pascual and Hulo every May. In this way, the Our Lady of Salambao has been given an appropriate celebration suitable to Her history and imagery.
NEW ZEST
Simbahan ng Obando before the Pacific War, The Obando Fertility Dance continued until the latter part of the American governance of the Philippines.
However, the fame of the said dance reached many places in the country. Even the National Hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, mentioned this tradition in his novel, “Noli Me Tangere“.
The political events in Obando did not affect the annual fandango. Despite that Obando and its people were members of the Katipunan (revolutionaries against Spanish colonization of the Philippines), and were involved in the revolt against the Spaniards in 1898, the dance was still performed and pilgrims were continuously going to Obando to express their devotion for at least during the three-day festivities.
It is nice to think about the beauty of this tradition being held in Obando during those times. The pilgrim, most of them were coming from different provinces by boats and barges with multi-colored decorations, received accommodation from the Obando people and were staying there until the festivities ended. The most common form of payment in exchange for accommodation and food was through buying the candles being sold by the household.
Perhaps there would never be a better and concrete example than this accommodation being offered by the Obando townsfolk, to show the hospitable of the Filipinos.
During the height of the Second World War, the church and a big portion of the town had been burned, including the original images of the three patron saints on the altar. The images that can be seen in the altar today are just replicas of the original images. The initiative to produce these replicas was pursued by some families and confraternities.
A few years after the war had ended, the Archbishop of Manila and the incumbent parish priest of Obando prohibited the dancing during the feast as they were alleged without Catholic background. In other words, they speculated that the ritual had been of pagan origin.
Although the order to stop the dancing had been strictly implemented and realized by the local clergy, some of the pilgrims were not stopped from doing the fandango during the feast of Obando. Some people were swaying discreetly on the streets as the procession passed by.
This has been the time for stopping a very beautiful tradition that had been deeply rooted in the very old ancestry of every Filipino from coming up to life.
Came 1972, and the whole town got into a new zest when the restrained tradition had been brought back to life. Under the supervision of a new parish priest under the name of Rev. Fr. Rome R. Fernandez, and through the cooperation of the Cultural Commission of Obando, the people of Obando started to dance the fandango. Many of them formed their own groups and had different types of Filipino clothes. Obando woke up again from a long sleep.
There had been light all around. The procession came back to life and in full colors. The trombone musicians came back. The images of the three patron saints had been dressed up and offered with never-ending dancing.
DANCE FORM
The dance as an expression of the feeling of a person is based on the environment where the person is and also on the passing of time.
During the early time, the dance of the native Filipinos was offered to the native deities of nature so that the deities will be woken up and asked to go down to earth. In the rhythm of clappers and horns, the natives are stomping their feet and swaying while moving around the image of the deities. There had been no standard hands and feet movement. What was important was for them to express their feelings.
When the Spaniards came, the Philippine native music was combined with European melodies. The natives were dressed up with baro’t saya (upper garment and long skirt), and taught certain dances like the fandango.
NEW ZEST
The original version of the Obando Fertility Dance was danced to the tune of “Santa Clarang Pinung-Pino“. In the rhythm of the waltz, the dancers sway their hips and move their hands and waist in unison. What is nice about dancing the fandango is the frequency of movements of the waist. Through this, the dance becomes more lively and the womb is shaken so that the Spirit of Life will come in.
Next was the influence of the Americans. The radio and cinema cultures had been introduced little by little to the Filipinos, as well as the jolly dance music like “Coca-cola”, “Charleston”, “Foxtrot”, and the like.
The pilgrim dancers were not just dancing the fandango, but also started to sway the Charleston, in the tune of the trombone musicians that also learned to play jolly music.
Obando seemed to be like a carnival, a dance ball where everyone shows their dancing skills. The pilgrim dancers had their own dancing styles-some of them retained the old fandango, some danced the newer form of foxtrot, rhumba, tango, and the like.
In this way, we understood that cultural influences from outside the country may affect the form and fate of our own traditions.
In the fertility dance itself, we can see that according to the progress of time, it is not the form of the dance that is important but the intention and devotion of the pilgrim.
Until now, these forms of dance can still be seen in Obando. In between the music of “Santa Clarang Pinung-Pino“, some marching sounds are played as well like the chacha, “De Colores” and some disco music. This is being done so that the pilgrims would not feel monotonous while dancing the fandango. However, unlike before that, the dance was performed on the church patio only, nowadays, it is being performed as part of the procession and ends in front of the altar. Because of this, the old tradition might begin to lose its true energetic form (spontaneous movements) as movements are being replaced by restrained ones as prescribed by the church and society.
EPILOGUE
What will happen to the Obando Fertility Dance as time goes by?
Although the Obando Fertility Dance is already an old tradition, we can not deny the fact that in the next few years to come, the said tradition may be changed or disappear at. God forbid!
First, the town of Obando is very near Metro Manila. Thus, urbanization has a very strong effect on the mentality of the townspeople.
The power of media, especially, radio and television, are affecting to much the taste and the likes of other professionals in Obando with modern lifestyles and are currently going to work located within Metro Manila. For people like them, the Obando Fertility Dance may seem to be just a very good tradition suitable only for the past and is already not applicable to modern living. In short, these people might get the wrong viewpoint with regard to their very own traditions.
Secondly, the new generation of Obando is being raised within the fantasies of modernization. It has been important for them to dream about the culture of tomorrow instead of understanding the traditions of the past and incorporating them with those of the present. The influence of the American culture has been very strong. They would rather go to disco houses or attend rock concerts than dance the fandango every May.
Thirdly, the schools of Obando and even those in Manila had been lacking emphasis on the proper understanding of our country’s customs and traditions. What has been given importance in today’s education are the lessons on the industrialization of our country. It is not bad but the result is the students are losing the opportunity of learning the different aspects of our culture, especially the customs and traditions reflecting our identity as Filipino.
Perhaps all of the people of Obando do not want a tradition embodying their beloved town to disappear. The popularization of this very beautiful tradition depends on the cooperation of people of all sectors of Obando – the church, the local government, and the people themselves.
OBANDO: LEGEND OF A DANCE (Obando: Alamat ng Isang Sayaw) is written by the late Rene Romulo “Director Ting” A. de los Reyes. Dir. Ting is a former Director IV in the Department of Tourism, Bureau of International Tourism Promotion (BITP). He is considered to be a notable culturati not only in Obando but also in the Province of Bulacan. Among his brainchild were WOW Philippines, Biyaheng Singko-Singko, History Town Philippines and Oplan Tunay na Kulturang Pinoy campaigns, the Singkaban Fiesta, and Kasilonawan Festival. He is the Chairman of the Board of trustees of Pamanang Bulakan Foundation, Inc. and founder of the Obando Arts Council (1970s) and Pundasyong Kasilonawan ng Obando (2006). He was awarded Dangal ng Lipi 2008 for Culture and the Arts in the Province of Bulacan.
Sources:
https://obandopilipinas.wordpress.com/about-obando/about/
https://www.catholicsandcultures.org/feasts-holy-days/obando-feast-three-saints-philippines
https://thehappytrip.com/2019/03/2019-obando-fertility-dance-festival-sayaw-sa-obando/
https://expertworldtravel.com/philippines/obando-fertility-rites/
https://cbcpnews.net/cbcpnews/bishops-remind-faithful-about-grace-in-prayer-at-obando-fiesta/
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